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Syllabus : CBSE Syllabus of Physics for
Class 12 For March 2009 Examination
Class XII (Theory) PHYSICS
One Paper Time: 3 Hours 70
Marks
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Unit
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Marks
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Unit I Electrostatics
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08
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Unit II Current Electricity
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07
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Unit III Magnetic effect of current & Magnetism
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08
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Unit IV Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating current
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08
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Unit V Electromagnetic Waves
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03
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Unit VI Optics
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14
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Unit VII Dual Nature of Matter
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04
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Unit VIII Atoms and Nuclei
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06
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Unit IX Electronic Devices
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07
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Unit X Communication Systems
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05
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TOTAL
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70
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Unit I: Electrostatics (Periods 25)
Electric Charges; Conservation of charge, Coulomb’s law-force
between two point charges, forces between multiple charges;
superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.
Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric
field lines; electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole;
torque on a dipole in uniform electric field.
Electric flux, statement of Gauss’s theorem and its
applications to find field due to infinitely long straight
wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly
charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).
Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential
due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges;
equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a
system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an
electrostatic field.
Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges
inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarisation,
capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in
series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate
capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the
plates, energy stored in a capacitor. Van de Graaff generator.
Unit II: Current Electricity (Periods 22)
Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic
conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with
electric current; Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, V-I
characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and
power, electrical resistivity and conductivity.
Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors; series and
parallel combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of
resistance.
Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of
a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel.
Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications. Wheatstone bridge,
metre bridge.
Potentiometer - principle and its applications to measure
potential difference and for comparing emf of two cells;
measurement of internal resistance of a cell.
Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
(Periods 25)
Concept of magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment.
Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying
circular loop.
Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight
wire, straight and toroidal solenoids.
Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric
fields. Cyclotron. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a
uniform magnetic field. Force between two parallel
current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque
experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field;
moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and
conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole
moment. Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron.
Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet)
along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a
magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar
magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines;
Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements. Para-, dia- and
ferro - magnetic substances, with examples. Electromagnets and
factors affecting their strengths. Permanent magnets.
Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
(Periods 20)
Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced emf and
current; Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual
inductance. Need for displacement current. Alternating
currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/voltage;
reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative
treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC
circuits, wattless current. AC generator and transformer.
Unit V: Electromagnetic waves (Periods 4)
Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (qualitative
ideas only). Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves.
Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared,
visible, ultraviolet, Xrays, gamma rays) including elementary
facts about their uses.
Unit VI: Optics (Periods 30)
Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula.
Refraction of light, total internal reflection and its
applications, optical fibres, refraction at spherical
surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens-maker’s formula.
Magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in
contact. Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism.
Scattering of light - blue colour of the sky and reddish
appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset.
Optical instruments: Human eye, image formation and
accommodation, correction of eye defects (myopia,
hypermetropia, presbyopia and astigmatism) using lenses.
Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and
refracting) and their magnifying powers. Wave optics: wave
front and Huygens’ principle, reflection and refraction of
plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws
of reflection and refraction using Huygens’ principle.
Interference, Young’s double slit experiment and expression
for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference
of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central
maximum. Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical
telescopes. Polarisation, plane polarised light; Brewster’s
law, uses of plane polarised light and Polaroids.
Unit VII: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation (Periods 8)
Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect, Hertz and
Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric
equation-particle nature of light.
Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation.
Davisson-Germer experiment.
Unit VIII: Atoms & Nuclei (Periods 18)
Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of
atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum.
Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes,
isobars; isotones. Radioactivityalpha, beta and gamma
particles/rays and their properties; radioactive decay law.
Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon
and its variation with mass number; nuclear fission and
fusion.
Unit IX: Electronic Devices (Periods 18)
Semiconductors; semiconductor diode – I-V characteristics in
forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier; I-V
characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell, and Zener
diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Junction
transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a
transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter
configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND
and NOR). Transistor as a switch.
Unit X: Communication Systems (Periods 10)
Elements of a communication system (block diagram only);
bandwidth of signals (speech, TV and digital data); bandwidth
of transmission medium. Propagation of electromagnetic waves
in the atmosphere, sky and space wave propagation. Need for
modulation. Production and detection of an amplitude-modulated
wave.
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